Learning-by-doing means that the
organization or entrepreneur makes and builds things, conducts experiments, and
builds prototypes. R&D is essentially learning-by doing. Individuals and
organizations benefit from learning-by-doing because it builds
up absorptive capacity. Absorptive capacity is the result of having already
developed knowledge and insight in a particular domain, for example, in
medicine, baseball, networking, or memory chips. Having absorptive capacity
means that prior knowledge facilitates the learning of new knowledge.
Developing absorptive capacity is synonymous with developing insight. It gives
an individual or an organization the ability to understand, assimilate,
transfer, and exploit new knowledge and new information as it becomes available
and then to apply it to solving problems and developing commercially viable
products. Learning-by-doing is essentially design and development. The key
activity for innovative activity is the learning-by-doing process.
Learning-by doing means that you make
and build things, try experiments, and construct prototypes. Sometimes, there
is a facilitator, such as a teacher, a project manager, colleagues, a fellow
student, a book, or a YouTube video, to get you started on the path to
creativity. Roger Shank is a well-known expert on artificial intelligence,
learning, and knowledge.
He has been on a crusade to change the way kids are
taught. He wants children to learn by doing and engage in more experimentation
and reflection and spend less time on being tested on the so-called “body of
knowledge that everyone must know.”
If you want to learn to throw a
football, drive a car, build a mouse trap, design a building, cook a stir fry,
or be a management consultant, you must have a go at doing it. Throughout
history, youths have been apprenticed to masters in order to learn a trade …
Parents usually teach children in this way. They don’t give a series of
lectures to their children to prepare them to walk, talk, climb, run, play a
game, or learn how to behave.
They just let their children do these things. If
he throws poorly, he simply tries again. Parents tolerate sitting in the
passenger seat while their teenager tries out the driver’s seat for the first
time. It’s nerveracking, but parents put up with it, because they know there’s no
better way.… When it comes to school, however, instead of allowing students to
learn by doing, we create courses of instruction to tell students about the
theory of the task without concentrating on the doing of the task. It’s not
easy to see how to apply apprenticeship to mass education. So in its place, we
lecture.” R&D is essentially learning-by-doing. Individuals and
organizations benefit from learning-by-doing in the context of R&D because
it builds up absorptive capacity.
Absorptive capacity is simply a function of
having previously developed knowledge structures in a particular domain (e.g.,
domain knowledge in medicine, baseball, networking, or memory chips). It gives
an individual or an organization the ability to understand, assimilate, transfer,
and exploit new knowledge and information and then to apply it to solving
problems and developing commercially viable products.
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